![]() The wanted units (kg and day) are in the denominator to correlate with the wanted quantity (kg and day) in the denominator. The wanted unit (mg) is placed in the numerator to correlate with the wanted quantity (mg) also in the numerator. The conversion factors have been added, and all unwanted units have been canceled from the problem. The three-factor–wanted quantity (mg/kg/day) also has been factored in with a numerator (mg) and two denominators (kg/day). The two-factor–given quantity (2.8 mL/dose) has been factored in with a numerator (2.8 mL) and a denominator (dose). The child is to receive 11 mL/day in four divided doses therefore, the conversion factor involves how many doses are in a day (4 divided doses = day).Įvery new medication order for a child should be carefully reviewed for errors related to dosage, route, and frequency. Many medication errors can be eliminated if a double-check system is in place for all new medication orders. Multiply numerators, multiply denominators, and divide the product of the numerators by the product of the denominators to provide the numerical answer. ![]() The child's weight (22 kg) has been factored in and set up to allow the unwanted unit (kg) to be canceled.Īll the unwanted units have been canceled, and the wanted units are placed to correlate with the two-factor–wanted quantity (mL/day). The dose on hand (300 mg/5 mL) has been factored in and placed so that the wanted unit (mL) correlates with the wanted quantity (mL) and the unwanted unit (mg) is canceled. The conversion factors can now be factored into the unit path to allow cancellation of unwanted units. The three-factor–given quantity has been set up with a numerator (30 mg) and two denominators (kg/day) leading across the unit path to a two-factor–wanted quantity, with a numerator (mL) and a denominator (day). The given quantity or the physician's order now contains three parts, including a numerator (the dosage of medication ordered) and two denominators (the weight of the patient and the time required for safe administration).īelow is an example of this problem-solving method showing placement of basic dimensional analysis terms applied to a three-factor medication problem. Three-factor–given quantity medication problems can be solved implementing the sequential method or the random method of dimensional analysis. Calculate problems requiring reconstitution or preparation of medications using information from a nursing drug reference, label, or package insert. Calculate three-factor–given quantity to one-factor–, two-factor–, or three-factor–wanted quantity medication problems involving a specific amount of medication or intravenous (IV) fluid based on the weight of the patient and the time required for safe administration.Ģ. Three-Factor Medication ProblemsĪfter completing this chapter, you will be able to:ġ. The drop factor is a microdrop.Clinical Calculations Made Easy: Solving Problems Using Dimensional Analysis, 3rd Edition Chapter 6. An IV medication in 60 mL D5W is to be administered in 30 minutes. Administer 3,000 mL D5 and ½ NS in 24 hr. 1,000 mL of Ringer lactate solution (RL) is to infuse in 16 hr. An IV medication in 60 mL of 0.9% NS is to be administered in 45 min. ![]() Let’s now begin our calculations with determining IV rates in milliliters per hour (mL/hr).ġ2. Several methods are presented in the chapter to calculate IV rates: ratio and proportion, dimensional analysis, and the formula and division factor method. As stated previously, nurses have a responsibility to make sure that clients are receiving the correct rate. This chapter will present the calculations performed with intravenous therapy. Calculate the rate for medications administered IV push Recalculate IV flow rates and determine the percentage (%) of increase or decreaseĩ. Calculate infusion times and completion timesĨ. Calculate the flow rate for medications ordered IV over a specified time periodħ. Calculate IV flow rate in gtt/min using a shortcut method (mL/hr and constant drop factor)Ħ. Calculate IV flow rate in drops per minute (gtt/min) using a formula method and dimensional analysisĥ. Identify from intravenous (IV) tubing packages the drop factor in drops per milliliter (gtt/mL)Ĥ. Identify the two types of administration tubingģ. ![]() After reviewing this chapter, you should be able to:ġ.
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